Retinal

Retinal is a lipid of Prenol Lipids (PR) class. Retinal is associated with abnormalities such as Retinal Detachment, Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, Infection and LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS, TYPE II (disorder). The involved functions are known as Pigment, immunoreactivity, Infiltration, Energy Absorption and chromophore. Retinal often locates in Entire visual system, Autosome, Membrane, Basement membrane and Thoracic region (surface region of back). The associated genes with Retinal are isorhodopsin, RPE65 gene, RND1 gene, RPE gene and CASP8AP2 gene. The related lipids are Phosphatidylserines, Membrane Lipids, Fatty Acids, Liposomes and oxidized lipid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Genetically Engineered Mouse.

References related to functions published in J. Biol. Chem.

PMID	Journal	Published Date	Author	Title
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15710603	J. Biol. Chem.	2005	Sineshchekov OA et al.	Photochromicity of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin, an atypical microbial receptor with a cis-retinal light-adapted form.
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18474598	J. Biol. Chem.	2008	Radu RA et al.	Retinal pigment epithelium-retinal G protein receptor-opsin mediates light-dependent translocation of all-trans-retinyl esters for synthesis of visual chromophore in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
18606814	J. Biol. Chem.	2008	Imanishi Y et al.	Retinyl ester homeostasis in the adipose differentiation-related protein-deficient retina.
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22547062	J. Biol. Chem.	2012	Sexton TJ et al.	Melanopsin is highly resistant to light and chemical bleaching in vivo.
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23439646	J. Biol. Chem.	2013	Ritter E et al.	Light-dark adaptation of channelrhodopsin C128T mutant.
23572532	J. Biol. Chem.	2013	Kohno H et al.	Photoreceptor proteins initiate microglial activation via Toll-like receptor 4 in retinal degeneration mediated by all-trans-retinal.
24129572	J. Biol. Chem.	2013	Maeda T et al.	Retinal pigmented epithelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells possess functional visual cycle enzymes in vitro and in vivo.
24403072	J. Biol. Chem.	2014	Yamashita T et al.	Evolution of mammalian Opn5 as a specialized UV-absorbing pigment by a single amino acid mutation.
24217249	J. Biol. Chem.	2013	Sato S et al.	Substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the aldehyde-alcohol redox-coupling reaction in carp cones.
24106275	J. Biol. Chem.	2013	Opefi CA et al.	Retinitis pigmentosa mutants provide insight into the role of the N-terminal cap in rhodopsin folding, structure, and function.
26578511	J. Biol. Chem.	2016	Hasemi T et al.	Characterization of a Cyanobacterial Chloride-pumping Rhodopsin and Its Conversion into a Proton Pump.
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26286749	J. Biol. Chem.	2015	Yamaoka H et al.	Dephosphorylation during bleach and regeneration of visual pigment in carp rod and cone membranes.
25533474	J. Biol. Chem.	2015	Sato S et al.	RDH13L, an enzyme responsible for the aldehyde-alcohol redox coupling reaction (AL-OL coupling reaction) to supply 11-cis retinal in the carp cone retinoid cycle.
25451936	J. Biol. Chem.	2015	Schafer CT and Farrens DL	Conformational selection and equilibrium governs the ability of retinals to bind opsin.