Retinal

Retinal is a lipid of Prenol Lipids (PR) class. Retinal is associated with abnormalities such as Retinal Detachment, Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, Infection and LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS, TYPE II (disorder). The involved functions are known as Pigment, immunoreactivity, Infiltration, Energy Absorption and chromophore. Retinal often locates in Entire visual system, Autosome, Membrane, Basement membrane and Thoracic region (surface region of back). The associated genes with Retinal are isorhodopsin, RPE65 gene, RND1 gene, RPE gene and CASP8AP2 gene. The related lipids are Phosphatidylserines, Membrane Lipids, Fatty Acids, Liposomes and oxidized lipid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Genetically Engineered Mouse.

References related to lipids published in J. Biol. Chem.

PMID	Journal	Published Date	Author	Title
8702809	J. Biol. Chem.	1996	Buczyłko J et al.	Mechanisms of opsin activation.
7629162	J. Biol. Chem.	1995	Tairis N et al.	Alteration in the retinoid specificity of retinoic acid receptor-beta by site-directed mutagenesis of Arg269 and Lys220.
10085078	J. Biol. Chem.	1999	Yamauchi K et al.	Xenopus cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein (xCTBP) is aldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzing the formation of retinoic acid.
10767284	J. Biol. Chem.	2000	Ahn J et al.	The effect of lipid environment and retinoids on the ATPase activity of ABCR, the photoreceptor ABC transporter responsible for Stargardt macular dystrophy.
15322129	J. Biol. Chem.	2004	Ritter E et al.	Transition of rhodopsin into the active metarhodopsin II state opens a new light-induced pathway linked to Schiff base isomerization.
21383019	J. Biol. Chem.	2011	Shiose S et al.	Toll-like receptor 3 is required for development of retinopathy caused by impaired all-trans-retinal clearance in mice.
19366683	J. Biol. Chem.	2009	Kim YS et al.	In vitro characterization of a recombinant Blh protein from an uncultured marine bacterium as a beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase.
15471866	J. Biol. Chem.	2004	Beharry S et al.	N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine is the preferred retinoid substrate for the photoreceptor-specific ABC transporter ABCA4 (ABCR).
16428804	J. Biol. Chem.	2006	Sommer ME et al.	Dynamics of arrestin-rhodopsin interactions: acidic phospholipids enable binding of arrestin to purified rhodopsin in detergent.
26416885	J. Biol. Chem.	2015	Tsukamoto H et al.	Retinal Attachment Instability Is Diversified among Mammalian Melanopsins.
25451936	J. Biol. Chem.	2015	Schafer CT and Farrens DL	Conformational selection and equilibrium governs the ability of retinals to bind opsin.