Retinal

Retinal is a lipid of Prenol Lipids (PR) class. Retinal is associated with abnormalities such as Retinal Detachment, Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, Infection and LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS, TYPE II (disorder). The involved functions are known as Pigment, immunoreactivity, Infiltration, Energy Absorption and chromophore. Retinal often locates in Entire visual system, Autosome, Membrane, Basement membrane and Thoracic region (surface region of back). The associated genes with Retinal are isorhodopsin, RPE65 gene, RND1 gene, RPE gene and CASP8AP2 gene. The related lipids are Phosphatidylserines, Membrane Lipids, Fatty Acids, Liposomes and oxidized lipid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Genetically Engineered Mouse.

References related to functions published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

PMID	Journal	Published Date	Author	Title
9391044	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Han M et al.	The C9 methyl group of retinal interacts with glycine-121 in rhodopsin.
9391065	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Yang T et al.	Synthesis and characterization of a novel retinylamine analog inhibitor of constitutively active rhodopsin mutants found in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
8962051	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1996	Roselli C et al.	Detection of a Yb3+ binding site in regenerated bacteriorhodopsin that is coordinated with the protein and phospholipid head groups.
9144186	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Brown LS et al.	A local electrostatic change is the cause of the large-scale protein conformation shift in bacteriorhodopsin.
9122193	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Imai H et al.	Single amino acid residue as a functional determinant of rod and cone visual pigments.
8986774	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1996	Hasson KC et al.	The photoisomerization of retinal in bacteriorhodospin: experimental evidence for a three-state model.
9892660	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Eilers M et al.	Magic angle spinning NMR of the protonated retinylidene Schiff base nitrogen in rhodopsin: expression of 15N-lysine- and 13C-glycine-labeled opsin in a stable cell line.
10393943	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Bieszke JA et al.	The nop-1 gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a seven transmembrane helix retinal-binding protein homologous to archaeal rhodopsins.
10051571	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Reeves PJ et al.	Structure and function in rhodopsin: kinetic studies of retinal binding to purified opsin mutants in defined phospholipid-detergent mixtures serve as probes of the retinal binding pocket.
10430852	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Tanimura Y et al.	Femtochemistry.
11562477	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2001	Thompson CL et al.	Preservation of light signaling to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitamin A-deficient mice.
11504917	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2001	Royant A et al.	X-ray structure of sensory rhodopsin II at 2.1-A resolution.
11447258	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2001	Logunov SL et al.	The relaxation dynamics of the excited electronic states of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin by two-pump-probe femtosecond studies.
11959987	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2002	Molotkov A et al.	Stimulation of retinoic acid production and growth by ubiquitously expressed alcohol dehydrogenase Adh3.
12034887	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2002	Dean DM et al.	All-trans-retinal shuts down rod cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels: a novel role for photoreceptor retinoids in the response to bright light?
12601165	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2003	Fritze O et al.	Role of the conserved NPxxY(x)5,6F motif in the rhodopsin ground state and during activation.
10869443	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2000	Van Hooser JP et al.	Rapid restoration of visual pigment and function with oral retinoid in a mouse model of childhood blindness.
14578454	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2003	Fan J et al.	Isorhodopsin rather than rhodopsin mediates rod function in RPE65 knock-out mice.
15220479	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2004	Patel AB et al.	Coupling of retinal isomerization to the activation of rhodopsin.
15148391	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2004	Groma GI et al.	Resonant optical rectification in bacteriorhodopsin.
21135214	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2010	Yamashita T et al.	Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein.
21527723	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2011	Struts AV et al.	Solid-state 2H NMR relaxation illuminates functional dynamics of retinal cofactor in membrane activation of rhodopsin.
18836074	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2008	Miyazono S et al.	Highly efficient retinal metabolism in cones.
20616020	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2010	Raz-Prag D et al.	Probing potassium channel function in vivo by intracellular delivery of antibodies in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration.
18922772	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2008	Luecke H et al.	Crystallographic structure of xanthorhodopsin, the light-driven proton pump with a dual chromophore.
18048333	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2007	Kim SR et al.	The all-trans-retinal dimer series of lipofuscin pigments in retinal pigment epithelial cells in a recessive Stargardt disease model.
15604139	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2004	Andruniów T et al.	Structure, initial excited-state relaxation, and energy storage of rhodopsin resolved at the multiconfigurational perturbation theory level.
16014418	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2005	Fu Y et al.	Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells detect light with a vitamin A-based photopigment, melanopsin.
16043701	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2005	Liu RS et al.	Possible role of the 11-cis-retinyl conformation in controlling the dual decay processes of excited rhodopsin.
15851682	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2005	Tsukamoto H et al.	A rhodopsin exhibiting binding ability to agonist all-trans-retinal.
16731629	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2006	Jin Y et al.	Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) as an electronic conduction medium: current transport through bR-containing monolayers.
22198838	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2012	Deupi X et al.	Stabilized G protein binding site in the structure of constitutively active metarhodopsin-II.
23479626	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2013	Koyanagi M et al.	Homologs of vertebrate Opn3 potentially serve as a light sensor in nonphotoreceptive tissue.
27071115	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2016	Sparrow JR	Vitamin A-aldehyde adducts: AMD risk and targeted therapeutics.
25825743	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2015	Kardamakis AA et al.	Tectal microcircuit generating visual selection commands on gaze-controlling neurons.