Retinal

Retinal is a lipid of Prenol Lipids (PR) class. Retinal is associated with abnormalities such as Retinal Detachment, Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, Infection and LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS, TYPE II (disorder). The involved functions are known as Pigment, immunoreactivity, Infiltration, Energy Absorption and chromophore. Retinal often locates in Entire visual system, Autosome, Membrane, Basement membrane and Thoracic region (surface region of back). The associated genes with Retinal are isorhodopsin, RPE65 gene, RND1 gene, RPE gene and CASP8AP2 gene. The related lipids are Phosphatidylserines, Membrane Lipids, Fatty Acids, Liposomes and oxidized lipid. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Genetically Engineered Mouse.

References related to genes published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

PMID	Journal	Published Date	Author	Title
9391065	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Yang T et al.	Synthesis and characterization of a novel retinylamine analog inhibitor of constitutively active rhodopsin mutants found in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
9144184	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Delaney JK et al.	Reducing the flexibility of retinal restores a wild-type-like photocycle in bacteriorhodopsin mutants defective in protein-retinal coupling.
9122193	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1997	Imai H et al.	Single amino acid residue as a functional determinant of rod and cone visual pigments.
10393943	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Bieszke JA et al.	The nop-1 gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a seven transmembrane helix retinal-binding protein homologous to archaeal rhodopsins.
10051571	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	1999	Reeves PJ et al.	Structure and function in rhodopsin: kinetic studies of retinal binding to purified opsin mutants in defined phospholipid-detergent mixtures serve as probes of the retinal binding pocket.
11562477	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2001	Thompson CL et al.	Preservation of light signaling to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitamin A-deficient mice.
11504917	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2001	Royant A et al.	X-ray structure of sensory rhodopsin II at 2.1-A resolution.
11959987	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2002	Molotkov A et al.	Stimulation of retinoic acid production and growth by ubiquitously expressed alcohol dehydrogenase Adh3.
12601165	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2003	Fritze O et al.	Role of the conserved NPxxY(x)5,6F motif in the rhodopsin ground state and during activation.
10758159	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2000	Kandori H et al.	Local and distant protein structural changes on photoisomerization of the retinal in bacteriorhodopsin.
10869443	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2000	Van Hooser JP et al.	Rapid restoration of visual pigment and function with oral retinoid in a mouse model of childhood blindness.
15220479	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2004	Patel AB et al.	Coupling of retinal isomerization to the activation of rhodopsin.
21135214	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2010	Yamashita T et al.	Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein.
21527723	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2011	Struts AV et al.	Solid-state 2H NMR relaxation illuminates functional dynamics of retinal cofactor in membrane activation of rhodopsin.
18836074	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2008	Miyazono S et al.	Highly efficient retinal metabolism in cones.
20616020	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2010	Raz-Prag D et al.	Probing potassium channel function in vivo by intracellular delivery of antibodies in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration.
18922772	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2008	Luecke H et al.	Crystallographic structure of xanthorhodopsin, the light-driven proton pump with a dual chromophore.
16014418	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2005	Fu Y et al.	Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells detect light with a vitamin A-based photopigment, melanopsin.
22198838	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2012	Deupi X et al.	Stabilized G protein binding site in the structure of constitutively active metarhodopsin-II.
23479626	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.	2013	Koyanagi M et al.	Homologs of vertebrate Opn3 potentially serve as a light sensor in nonphotoreceptive tissue.